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St.
Therese of Lisieux
Born
at Alençon, France on January 2, 1873
Died at Lisieux, France on September 30, 1897
St.
Theresa of the Little Flower
Canonized
by Pope Pius XI 1925
Saint
Theresa of the Child Jesus, one of the most instantly popular saints
of the twentieth century, was canonized less than thirty years after
her death at the age of twenty-four.
A
principle reason for her great appeal to ordinary Catholics was her
"Little Way" to holiness -- her example of
achieving sanctity, not through undertaking great deeds, but through
personal devotion and dedication. The young nun's autobiography, L'histoire
d'une âme (Story of a Soul), written at the command of
her prioress, was much admired for its deep spiritual wisdom and
beauty. The book presented people with a compelling example of
spiritual maturity and piety achieved by an ordinary young girl. An
anecdote, that she had promised to send roses as a sign of her
intercession led to the affectionate nickname, the "Little
Flower". Her shrine at Lisieux, France, is still one of the
most popular pilgrimage sites in Europe.
Thérèse
was born in Alençon on January 2, 1873 to Louis Martin and Azélie-Marie
Guérin. When Thérèse was only four, her mother died, and so her
father moved the family to Lisieux, where the five children were
watched by their aunt. An older sister, Mary, ran the household and
the eldest, Pauline, made herself responsible for the religious
upbringing of her sisters.
St.
Theresa's Childhood
Pauline
later entered the Carmel, an order of contemplative nuns, at Lisieux
and Thérèse began to be drawn in the same direction. When Thérèse
was fourteen another sister joined Pauline in the Carmel. During the
following year Thérèse told her father of her wish to become a
Carmelite, and he agreed; but both the Carmelite authorities and the
bishop of Bayeux refused to hear of it because of her young age. A
few months later she was in Rome with her father and a French
pilgrimage. At the public audience, when her turn came to kneel for
the Pope Leo XIII's blessing, Thérèse broke the rule of silence on
such occasions and asked him, "in honor of your jubilee, allow
me to enter Carmel at fifteen". Pope Leo was clearly impressed
by the young girl, but he upheld the decision of the immediate
superiors.
At the end of the year the bishop gave his permission,
and in 1888 Thérèse entered the Carmel at Lisieux, taking the name
of Theresa of the Child Jesus.
One
of the principal duties of a Carmelite nun is to pray for priests, a
duty that Sister Theresa performed with fervor. Although she was
physically frail she carried out all the practices of the austere
Carmelite rule. Yet, photographs taken by her sister within the
cloister show Sister Theresa in high spirits in the costume of Joan
of Arc for a drama the nuns staged, working happily in the kitchen
with other nuns, and in the familiar portrait (above).
In
1893 Sister Theresa was appointed to assist the novice mistress. In
1894 her father died, and soon after her sister Céline, who had
been looking after him, becoming the fourth Martin sister to enter
the Lisieux Carmel. Eighteen months later, Sister Theresa heard,
"as it was, a far-off murmur announcing the coming of the
Bridegroom": it was a hemorrhage at the mouth from
tuberculosis. Although she had hoped to serve as a missionary, her
disease advanced, and the last eighteen months of her life was a
time of physical suffering and spiritual trials.
In
June 1897 she was removed to the infirmary of the convent where she
died on September 30. She was beatified by Pope Pius XI in 1923 --
he canonized her in 1925. In 1927 she was named the heavenly
patroness of all foreign missions, and of all works for Russia.
Source:
Butler's Lives of the Saints Concise Edition. San Francisco:
Harper & Row Publishers, 1985.